mercury atomic mass

Like silver, mercury reacts with atmospheric hydrogen sulfide. By-products of any such chloralkali process are hydrogen (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is commonly called caustic soda or lye. ", "Mercury and the environment — Basic facts", "Liquid mercury found under Mexican pyramid could lead to king's tomb", "Metacinnabar: Mineral information, data and localities", "Mercury Recycling in the United States in 2000", "Mercury in traditional medicines: is cinnabar toxicologically similar to common mercurials? On the MathsGee Open Question and Answer Bank, learners, tutors, teachers, policy makers and enthusiasts can ask and answer any questions. Relative atomic mass: 200.592 Electron configuration: [Xe] 4f 14 5d 10 6s 2. [35] Worker health in functioning mines is at high risk. [99], Artificial lakes may be contaminated with mercury due to the absorption by the water of mercury from submerged trees and soil. Mercury(II) salts form a variety of complex derivatives with ammonia. There are two reasons for the difference between mass number and isotopic mass, known as the mass defect: Typical densities of various substances at atmospheric pressure. ), Basic Mercury Subsulphate; Turpeth Mineral, Quantities of liquid mercury ranging from 90 to 600 grams (3.2 to 21.2 oz) have been recovered from elite, As an electrically conductive liquid, it was used in, Owing to its acoustic properties, mercury was used as the propagation medium in, Mercury was used for preserving wood, developing. Atomic Mass:200.59 amu. A still increasing amount is used as gaseous mercury in fluorescent lamps, while most of the other applications are slowly phased out due to health and safety regulations and is in some applications replaced with less toxic but considerably more expensive Galinstan alloy.[44]. Mercury(II) salts are a rare example of simple metal complexes that react directly with aromatic rings. [59] Last, but not least, the triple point of mercury, −38.8344 °C, is a fixed point used as a temperature standard for the International Temperature Scale (ITS-90).[5]. The unit of measure for mass is the atomic mass unit (amu) . Atomic mass of Mercury is 200.59 u. [110] The strong affinity of mercury for carbon rich sediments has also been observed in salt marsh sediments of the River Mersey mean of 2 mg/kg up to 5 mg/kg. Electricity passed through mercury vapor in a fluorescent lamp produces short-wave ultraviolet light, which then causes the phosphor in the tube to fluoresce, making visible light. Preeminent is mercury(II) sulfide, HgS, which occurs in nature as the ore cinnabar and is the brilliant pigment vermillion. Atomic Structure Symbol Hg Atomic Number 80 Atomic Mass 200.6 g/mol Periodic Table Group 12 Row / Period 5 Element Category Transition dhaatu Chhapa Mercury ke electron shell. The mercury-containing organohalide merbromin (sometimes sold as Mercurochrome) is still widely used but has been banned in some countries such as the U.S.[91]. Compared to other metals, it is a poor conductor of heat, but a fair conductor of electricity. "[21], The ancient Greeks used cinnabar (mercury sulfide) in ointments; the ancient Egyptians and the Romans used it in cosmetics. In the United States, non-prescription sale of mercury fever thermometers has been banned since 2003. Thousands of prisoners were used by the Luo Xi mining company to establish new tunnels. Atomic Number:80. [4] A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. [120] Acute exposure to mercury vapor has been shown to result in profound central nervous system effects, including psychotic reactions characterized by delirium, hallucinations, and suicidal tendency. available, and it is therefore fitting to induce a ban. [31], Former mines in Italy, the United States and Mexico, which once produced a large proportion of the world supply, have now been completely mined out or, in the case of Slovenia (Idrija) and Spain (Almadén), shut down due to the fall of the price of mercury. … And have the unique characteristic of being liquid at room temperature. [110] The highest mercury concentrations were shown to occur in and around the city of London in association with fine grain muds and high total organic carbon content. [55], Some transit telescopes use a basin of mercury to form a flat and absolutely horizontal mirror, useful in determining an absolute vertical or perpendicular reference. Organic mercury compounds are historically important but are of little industrial value in the western world. Cleaning porous surfaces and clothing is not effective at removing all traces of mercury and it is therefore advised to discard these kinds of items should they be exposed to a mercury spill. Mercury thermometers are still widely used for certain scientific applications because of their greater accuracy and working range. 05-1097)", "Oldest, dirtiest power plants told to clean up", "EPA Regulations Give Kilns Permission To Pollute", "Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment", "EU bans mercury in barometers, thermometers", "Sweden may be forced to lift ban on mercury — The Local", Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Mercury Topic, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC): Mercury Contamination in Fish guide, NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Mercury, BBC – Earth News – Mercury 'turns' wetland birds such as ibises homosexual, Changing Patterns in the Use, Recycling, and Material Substitution of Mercury in the United States, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercury_(element)&oldid=993049665, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2017, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Mercury Bichloride (Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, U.S.P. ››More information on molar mass and molecular weight. In Lamanai, once a major city of the Maya civilization, a pool of mercury was found under a marker in a Mesoamerican ballcourt. Location: Unknown. Number of Neutrons:121. Symptoms typically include sensory impairment (vision, hearing, speech), disturbed sensation and a lack of coordination. Unlike organocadmium and organozinc compounds, organomercury compounds do not react with water. [22][23] By 500 BC mercury was used to make amalgams (Medieval Latin amalgama, "alloy of mercury") with other metals. Isotope : Mass : Abundance : Spin : Mag Moment : 196 Hg: 195.965807: 0.15%: 0 : 198 Hg: … [53] After about 1985, all new chloralkali production facilities that were built in the United States used membrane cell or diaphragm cell technologies to produce chlorine. Because this configuration strongly resists removal of an electron, mercury behaves similarly to noble gases, which form weak bonds and hence melt at low temperatures. These include Millon's base (Hg2N+), the one-dimensional polymer (salts of HgNH+2)n), and "fusible white precipitate" or [Hg(NH3)2]Cl2. Discovered By: Known to the ancients. "[139], Products containing mercury were banned in Sweden in 2009.[140][141]. Mercury(II) fulminate is a primary explosive which is mainly used as a primer of a cartridge in firearms. Mercury poisoning happened this way in Minamata, Japan, now called Minamata disease. It is estimated that over 3,000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death from what became known as Minamata disease. Historically, mercury was used extensively in. [40] Mercury(I) chloride, a colorless solid also known as calomel, is really the compound with the formula Hg2Cl2, with the connectivity Cl-Hg-Hg-Cl. Likewise, mechanical pressure gauges and electronic strain gauge sensors have replaced mercury sphygmomanometers. Environmental Science & … induces disproportionation to Hg2+ and elemental mercury. Although it was widely speculated that this mercury-based preservative could cause or trigger autism in children, scientific studies showed no evidence supporting any such link. Currently available drugs for acute mercurial poisoning include chelators N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (NAP), British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS), and dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). [43] They arise by a process known as biomethylation. Elastic Modulus: Bulk: 25/GPa. Long-term, low-level exposure has been associated with more subtle symptoms of erethism, including fatigue, irritability, loss of memory, vivid dreams and depression. Mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), by inhalation of mercury vapor, or by ingesting any form of mercury. Effects and symptoms of mercury poisoning, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Mercury can be absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes and mercury vapors can be inhaled, so containers of mercury are securely sealed to avoid spills and evaporation. Case–control studies have shown effects such as tremors, impaired cognitive skills, and sleep disturbance in workers with chronic exposure to mercury vapor even at low concentrations in the range 0.7–42 μg/m3. They believed that different metals could be produced by varying the quality and quantity of sulfur contained within the mercury. Many historic applications made use of the peculiar physical properties of mercury, especially as a dense liquid and a liquid metal: Others applications made use of the chemical properties of mercury: Mercury(I) chloride (also known as calomel or mercurous chloride) has been used in traditional medicine as a diuretic, topical disinfectant, and laxative. [30] Mercury deposits were discovered in the New World, and more than 100,000 tons of mercury were mined from the region of Huancavelica, Peru, over the course of three centuries following the discovery of deposits there in 1563. For this reason, mercury is not allowed aboard an aircraft under most circumstances because of the risk of it forming an amalgam with exposed aluminium parts in the aircraft.[14]. Mercury remains in use in scientific research applications and in amalgam for dental restoration in some locales. [9] Upon freezing, the volume of mercury decreases by 3.59% and its density changes from 13.69 g/cm3 when liquid to 14.184 g/cm3 when solid. [137] In 2002, several lakes in Norway were found to have a poor state of mercury pollution, with an excess of 1 µg/g of mercury in their sediment. ", "Mercury Contamination from Historical Gold Mining in California", "Did Mercury in "Little Blue Pills" Make Abraham Lincoln Erratic? Like ZnS, HgS crystallizes in two forms, the reddish cubic form and the black zinc blende form. [25], Mercury is an extremely rare element in Earth's crust, having an average crustal abundance by mass of only 0.08 parts per million (ppm). The Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) under development by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory utilises mercury in a linear ion-trap-based clock. Atomic Mass Average: 200.59; Boiling Point: 630K 357°C 675°F; Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 181E-6; Conductivity Electrical: 0.0104 10 6 /cm Ω Thermal: 0.0834 W/cmK; Density: 13.546g/cc @ 300K; Description: Silver colored liquid transition metal. Mercury is a transition metal, where one of the elements found between Group 2 (IIA) and 13 (IIIA) on the periodic table. This website does not use any proprietary data. The equation for this extraction is. [20], In November 2014 "large quantities" of mercury were discovered in a chamber 60 feet below the 1800-year-old pyramid known as the "Temple of the Feathered Serpent," "the third largest pyramid of Teotihuacan," Mexico along with "jade statues, jaguar remains, a box filled with carved shells and rubber balls. Satisfactory alternatives to Hg in products are [5], Hg is the modern chemical symbol for mercury. [64] Gaseous mercury is added to cold cathode argon-filled lamps to increase the ionization and electrical conductivity. [33]:47 Several other countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by recovery from effluents. HgCl2−4. Such liquid-mirror telescopes are cheaper than conventional large mirror telescopes by up to a factor of 100, but the mirror cannot be tilted and always points straight up. Physical Properties of Mercury. It is associated with the planet Mercury; the astrological symbol for the planet is also one of the alchemical symbols for the metal; the Sanskrit word for alchemy is Rasaśāstra. [5] The latter sometimes occurs naturally as metacinnabar. The calomel electrode is used to work out the electrode potential of half cells. Heating of mercury, or of compounds of mercury that may decompose when heated, should be carried out with adequate ventilation in order to minimize exposure to mercury vapor. [17] The "first" emperor of China, Qín Shǐ Huáng Dì—allegedly buried in a tomb that contained rivers of flowing mercury on a model of the land he ruled, representative of the rivers of China—was killed by drinking a mercury and powdered jade mixture formulated by Qin alchemists (causing liver failure, mercury poisoning, and brain death) who intended to give him eternal life. 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