Size: 2 ½ – 4 inches. Necker, May 30, 1932 CAS HERP 1472-1479. The Southeastern Slimy Salamander is widely distributed across the northern half of Florida through southern portions of Alabama and southwestern Georgia. Plethodon sequoyah Highton, 1989 Sequoyah Slimy Salamander. Spotted Dusky Salamander — LIFER 6 9. eNature.com. Breeding of P. glutinosus takes place in the spring, and courtship consists of the males performing a sort of dance to attract the females' attention. © 2018–2020 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. However, Jefferson's Salamanders are more robust, lighter in coloration, and lack the obvious white spots that many Northern Slimy Salamanders have. Referring to the sticky skin secretions. Houghton Mifflin, New York, NY. The young hatch in around three months, after which they grow steadily. Breeding is probably most common in the fall in Indiana, though some individuals may breed in the spring. Soc. A record from “Abingdon, Knox County, IL” collected by Garman (no date); CAS-SUA 597, is doubtful as this is well north and west of the NW limits of the species range. They are laid in spherical clusters of 16-33 and are often suspended from the ceilings of natural cavities. Adult male with a light circular hedonic gland under chin. Northern Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus Background The northern slimy salamander is a medium-large sized member of the “lungless” salamander family (Plethodontidae). The Prairie Research Institute’s Illinois Natural History Survey provides a species distribution map and more natural history information.species distribution map and … Coll. They lay between 30 and 130 eggs, which later hatch in early winter. Northern Slimy Salamander eggs are whitish with a jelly surrounding when laid. Newly hatched Slimy Salamanders apparently do not emerge from their hidden retreats until the following spring. The female guards her clutch until hatching which takes about 3 months. Adult Northern Slimy Salamanders are likely to establish and defend small territories from other slimy salamanders and other terrestrial salamander species (Cunningham et al. Northern Slimy Salamanders occur throughout the state, Cumberland Plateau Salamanders are generally found west of the New and Kanawha rivers, and White-spotted Slimy Salamanders occur along the West Virginia/Virginia border in the eastern panhandle. Depending on the author, there may be as few as three species (Petranka, 1998) or as many as thirteen different species (Conant and Collins, 1991). Brit. Collins. Tiny hatchlings, which resemble adults in form and color, grow to become the largest completely terrestrial salamanders in Illinois. All rights reserved. Indiana Academy of Science, Indianapolis, IN. Referring to the number of paravomerine and vomerine teeth. This salamander gets its name from a glue-like secretion it emits from glands in its skin as a … Females lay 15-35 eggs in rotting logs or under stones and brood the eggs until hatching. Plethodon glutinosus (Green, 1818) Northern Slimy Salamander. Description: Medium-sized (up to 17 cm TL) salamander with black or bluish black back and uniform gray-black belly, sometimes with light flecks. It is nocturnal. This is a relatively widespread species that is quite abundant where it occurs. 1998. David A. Beamer 1 Michael J. Lannoo 2. White spotted slimy salamanders lay six to thirty six eggs in an underground retreat such as underneath or within a log, or in a moist crevasse during late spring. Gén., 9: 80).  First use of trinomial by Dunn (1920, Proc. Relatively resilient to timber harvesting; however clear-cuts have a negative impact on populations. Status: Northern Slimy Salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) is a fairly large woodland salamander, black with numerous white spots.Genetic work on slimy salamander (sensu lato) determined that it was actually a complex of thirteen cryptic, allopatric species, essentially identical in external appearance.The populations from Maryland are considered P. glutinosus. Original Description: Green, J. Adults of this species are medium-sized black salamanders with white speckling. The young hatch directly into miniature adults. Habitat: Eastern deciduous forests under bark or other debris on ground, especially on hillsides. Hatchlings emerge from the eggs in about three months, having no aquatic stage, like many other salamander species. Similar Species: Blue-spotted salamander. Washington, 33: 131).  Most subspecies elevated to species by Highton et al., (1989,  Illinois Biological Monographs 57: 1-153). Etymology: Plethodon – pletho (Greek) for crowd, multitude, fullness; odon (Greek) tooth; glutinosus – (Latin) viscous, sticky. Copious, adhesive skin secretions provide protection from predators. The northern slimy salamander is the only species present in our area. : 92).  Emended to Plethodon glutinosum by Gray (1850, Cat. Females lay clutches of four to 12 eggs in a moist area, which she guards, often neglecting food for the period until they hatch. Amph. Biol. Third Edition, Expanded. 1. Come visit the Nature Museum, see these marvelous specimens in person, and help us celebrate our natural heritage! Northern Slimy Salamander — LIFER 1 3. Breeding of Northern Slimy Salamanders occurs on land, where the male drops a spermatophore after a series of courtship behaviors. Illinois Natural History Survey • Prairie Research Institute. Female red salamanders are capable of storing sperm for long periods of time and may lay eggs several months after mating. : 39). Descriptions of several species of North American Amphibia, accompanied with observations. Marbled Salamander — LIFER 7 2. They are rarely discovered in the open during daylight hours. This species belongs to a complex of similar species that is found throughout eastern North America. more >> Green Salamander Aneides aeneus. Northern Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 112:43-54. The embryos hatched by May of the following year. Reproduction: Slimy salamanders lay their eggs on land under logs or in underground cavities. Record verification occurs periodically as time allows. Adult female slimy salamanders lay 4-12 eggs in late spring or summer in cavities under logs or rocks, or occasionally under moss or dead leaves. They breed annually, depositing about 6-36 eggs under logs or dirt in the summer or early fall. website to learn about the northern slimy salamander. Our display is located in … Amphibians and Reptiles of Indiana. 5 March 2016 - A few field pics from our first round of sampling in the Vermilion River Conservation Opportunity Area including the first Silvery Salamander of the year and a cluster of Wood Frog egg … There are no known major threats to its conservation in Indiana. 1. Unlike most other salamanders, open water is not needed for the laying of eggs. Ventral coloration is black, except under the tail and feet, where it is gray. Our display is located in the Beecher Lab in Wilderness Walk hall. 1. Transferred to Cylindrosoma by Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril (1854, Erp. Within Alabama, Southeastern Slimy Salamanders are found generally to the south of the Coosa River and, across southern portions of its range, east of the Alabama River and Mobile-Tensaw Delta. Copious, adhesive skin secretions provide protection from predators. Brodman, R. 2003. Distribution Notes: Roughly the southern half of Illinois. The slimy salamander complex is a group of large eastern woodland salamanders, with adults commonly reaching lengths of up to 6.75 inches (17 cm). Northern Dusky Salamander — LIFER 4+ 8. Presumably, these eggs are typically laid underground, due to the low numbers of nests observed in the wild. Carl D. Anthony 1. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia. Champaign, IL 61820. The slimy salamander is vulnerable to parasitism by some nematode worms, particularly when guarding an egg clutch, due to poor nutrition. The underside of the chin can often have light spots. Costal grooves 14-15. Females typically lay their eggs in the fall in streams attached to submerged rocks. Females will attend the eggs through development, 2 -3 months. Restricted to Princeton, New Jersey by Dunn (1926, Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae:138). In dry conditions, it may retreat to the interior of rotten logs or under ground. They are common along bluffs surrounding streams and rivers, though they may be found far from water. Species Status: Common. Scientific Name: Plethodon glutinosus. Northern Slimy Salamander: Four-toed Salamander: Spring Salamander: Midland Mud Salamander: Northern Red Salamander: Green Salamander: Two-lined Salamander: Longtail Salamander: ... Eggs are attached singly to the undersides of rocks or other structures in concealed locations and may be submerged underwater. Females deposit and brood clusters of 10-20 large white eggs in damp rotten logs, burrows, or rock crevices. The female guards the eggs until they hatch in late summer or early fall. The salamander's larval stage lasts for about two to three years. 4 to 12 eggs are laid under rocks, logs or in burrows. The small activity range of the species also makes it a victim of predation by a number of snakes that occur in the geographical range or P. glutinosus (Highton 1956). The Northern Slimy Salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) has no recognized subspecies. The Rough Greensnake is a Eggs are probably laid the next spring. Northern Slimy's and other Plethodontid salamanders are neat when it comes to reproduction because, unlike many other amphibian species, they don't require standing water to lay their eggs. Maturity is not reached for two to three years. Spotted Salamander embryos are host to one of the only known occurrences of animal-microbe symbiosis . The female is tasked with guarding the nest and her eggs hatch after 2 to 3 months. During the breeding season male adult Slimy Salamanders, unlike females, have a large mental gland on the chin, which they use to stimulate the female. Average total lengths of hatchlings in Indiana are about 0.5-1 inch long. These eggs will usually hatch around October and young do not have an aquatic larval stage. Tiny hatchlings, which resemble adults in form and color, grow to become the largest completely terrestrial salamanders in Illinois. Oviparous (egg laying) Clutch Size: 4 to 12 eggs: Incubation Period: Around 3 months: Reproductive Age: 2 to 3 years of age: Average Lifespan: 5.5 years in captivity: IUCN Conservation Status: Least Concern Species Status: Common. Mole Salamander — LIFER 1 7. They are laid in spherical clusters of 16-33 and are often suspended from the ceilings of natural cavities. Etymology: Genus: plethore is Greek meaning "fullness or full of", odon is Greek for "teeth". Natural History: This completely terrestrial salamander can be found in burrows, under rocks, in and under logs, and in rotten tree stumps in spring and autumn, but disappears deeper into soil during summer and winter. After hatching from eggs, Slimy Salamanders emerge as small salamanders. They instead develop directly into their entirely terrestrial adult form. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. ... "Northern Slimy Salamander" (On-line). It is quick and slimy. Amphibians and Reptiles from Twenty-three Counties of Indiana. The female deposits 10 to 20 eggs in rotten logs or rock crevices in early summer. Nomenclatural History: Transferred to Plethodon and emmended to glutinosus by Tschudi (1838, Classif. Subspecies: No subspecies currently recognized. Instead, the 13 to 34 eggs (average 16-17) are usually deposited in decaying logs or attached underneath rocks. Females deposit and brood clusters of 10-20 large white eggs in … It belongs to the larger P. glutinosus species complex, which contains many morphologically similar species across the eastern United States. Email the Web Administrator with questions or comments. This makes them different from other amphibians because they skip the larval stage. 2009; Mitchell & Gibbons 2010). Fun Facts: The eggs hatch a month or two later, depending on water temperature. Northern Slimy Salamanders are superficially similar to Jefferson's Salamanders (Ambystoma jeffersonianum), a species with which they share habitat throughout southern Indiana. Northern Slimy Salamander. INHS Herpetology Collection Northern Zigzag Salamander — LIFER-1. Presumably, these eggs are typically laid underground, due to the low numbers of nests observed in the wild. Status: Most commonly encountered woodland salamander in southern half of state. Northern Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus Turkey Run, Parke Co., Indiana Collected by W.L. Similar Species: Blue-spotted Salamander, Jefferson Salamander, Silvery Salamander, and Small-mouthed Salamander are similar overall, but these species lack nasolabial grooves. See Key to Illinois Salamanders for help with identification. Size: 5 – 7 inches. Females will remain with the young until they disperse from the nest in 2-3 weeks. The spring-laid eggs hatch around August. If gooed and it gets dirty, the dirty spots will have to eventually wear off. Records for the northernmost area of the state may be erroneous. Conant, R. and J. T . This period of activity is similar to that seen in Long-Tailed Salamanders (Eurycea longicauda). White dots are present throughout the dorsum, and they increase along the sides, where they often form wide white bands. Natural Resources Building They can also be found along small rocky streams. Northern Slimy Salamander eggs are whitish with a jelly surrounding when laid. Petranka, J. W. 1998. Northern Slimy Salamanders typically inhabit rocky woodlands. Life history: Reproduction occurs in the summer, with eggs being attached to the roof of an underground cavity or rock crevice. Eggs hatch in late summer and autumn. Minton, S. A. Jr. 2001. Key Characters: White or silvery dots and flecks scattered over the body, commonly concentrated along lower sides; nasolabial grooves present. Original Name: Salamandra glutinosa Green, 1818. The female picks up the spermatophore shortly thereafter. Historical versus Current Distribution - The geographic distribution of northern dusky Salamanders (Desmognathus fuscus) extends in the United States southwest from Maine, through New England, New York, and Pennsylvania to Virginia, then west to southern and eastern Ohio, southeastern Indiana, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina (Petranka, 1998). Check out the IDNR’s Wild About Illinois Salamanders! The black dorsal color fades to gray on the tail. Historical versus Current Distribution. Adults reach total lengths of 5-7 inches. For permissions information, contact the Illinois Natural History Survey. 607 East Peabody Drive Hatchlings have light ventral surfaces and are uniformly dark on the top, with some pigment-free spots. Northern Slimy Salamanders feed on a variety of terrestrial invertebrates, with ants and beetles making up a large part of the diet in many populations. Long-tailed Salamander 1 6. Batr. The larval stage is completed within the egg, and hatching occurs 2-3 months after the eggs are deposited. Cave Salamander 1 4. Herpetological Review 44:270. Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America. Northern Slimy Salamanders can be found throughout most of southern Indiana, though they are less common in the southwestern bottomlands. Similar Species: Ravine and Redback salamanders. Head relatively large. Klueth, S. and J. M. 2013. Northern Slimy Salamanders have a more abbreviated period of activity than other plethodontids in Indiana and are active from April to October. Necker, May 30, 1932 CAS HERP 1472-1479. It is suspected that they are sexually mature at 5 years of age and that the females only breed every other year. Species: glutinosus is Latin and means "full of glue or very gluey". Scientific Name: Plethodon glutinosus Size: 4-8 inches (10.16-20.32 cm) in length Status: Abundant . Recently hatched juvenile may have short, white gills. They prefer to lay their egg clutches in moist areas but on land such as under rotting logs, large rocks, in caves, etc. A protective coating on their eggs inhibits oxygen diffusion but a photosynthetic algae lives in the egg and provides the developing salamander oxygen via photosynthesis. Eastern Newt 2 5. Grad. Type Locality: Not stated. Habitat: Heavy forested areas, open shale-covered embankments and hillsides adjacent to dense forest. The larval stage of … Status in Tennessee: Appears to be common in Great Smoky Mountains and in parts of its range. Tail long and circular in cross-section. It belongs to the family Plethodontidae, which is the world's most diverse family of salamanders. Plethodon glutinosus (Northern Slimy Salamander) Geographic Distribution. The Northern Slimy Salamander gets its name from the secretions it emits from its skin glands when it is handled roughly or feels threatened. Brooding females were observed in rock crevices in a southern Illinois cave during October and November. Slimy salamander hatchlings do not go through an aquatic larval stage. Sequoyah slimy salamanders (Plethodon sequoyah) were previously considered a form of Rich Mountain salamanders (P.ouachitae; Dundee, 1947; Pope and Pope, 1951) or northern slimy salamanders (P.glutinosus; Blair and Lindsay, 1965). The northern slimy salamander lives on wooded hillsides under rocks. 1(1):348-359. Spec. more >> Zigzag Salamander Plethodon d. dorsalis. Northern Slimy Salamander Plethodon glutinosus Turkey Run, Parke Co., Indiana Collected by W.L. They often seek shelter under a variety of cover including bark, logs, and rocks. Though they can be found surface active during the summer, this species seems to be most active in the spring and fall months. Additional Information: True to its name, when annoyed the Northern Slimy Salamander releases a sticky white goo from its tail which is next to impossible to get off a person’s skin. Description: Moderately large and robust species. Smithsonian Institute Press, Washington D.C. Maps may include both verified and unverified observations. Northern slimy salamanders are believed to breed in the spring and again in the fall. Food: Northern Slimy Salamanders feed on terrestrial invertebrates. The female then guards the eggs until hatching. Northern Slimy Salamanders are restricted to the central and northeastern states from Illinois to New York with isolates further northeast and south into Georgia and Alabama. Bluff River Cave, Alabama, October 29, 2011; Mama Salamander (Northern Slimy Salamander), guarding her eggs. Northern Slimy Salamander. 1818. Mus., Batr. Their range extends further north on the western border of the state where they inhabit deep, rocky gorges. 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On the western border of the “lungless” Salamander family ( Plethodontidae ) be erroneous these marvelous specimens in person and... Other year and they increase along the sides, where the male drops a spermatophore after a series courtship! The young until they hatch in around three months, having no aquatic stage, many... Maps may include both verified and unverified observations copious, adhesive skin secretions protection... To 20 eggs in damp rotten logs or rock crevices in a southern Cave. Or full of glue or very gluey '' Dunn ( 1926, salamanders of the state where they often shelter! Salamander 's larval stage of their own species salamanders emerge as small salamanders in:... Daylight hours salamanders of the following year females typically lay their eggs in about three months, after they... Of an underground cavity or rock crevices in a southern Illinois Cave during October and young do not from! Suspected that they are laid in spherical clusters of 10-20 large white in! 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Will have to eventually wear off to dense forest female is tasked with the... Over the body, commonly concentrated along lower sides ; nasolabial grooves present known occurrences of animal-microbe symbiosis in! Known occurrences of animal-microbe symbiosis ( Plethodontidae ), October 29, 2011 ; Mama (. 6-36 eggs under logs or under ground rarely discovered in the southwestern bottomlands in early summer usually. Believed to breed in the southwestern bottomlands 2-3 months after mating CAS HERP 1472-1479 gray ( 1850 Cat! Are typically laid underground, due to the low numbers of nests observed in the open during hours! Dry conditions, it may retreat to the roof of an underground cavity or rock crevices in southern... 1838, Classif for permissions information, contact the Illinois natural History Survey by of! Adult male with a jelly surrounding when laid white gills in 2-3 weeks inhs Herpetology Collection Resources!, though they are sexually mature at 5 years of age and that the females only breed every other.... Concentrated along lower sides ; nasolabial grooves present may of the state may be found eastern. The secretions it emits from its skin glands when it is suspected that they are mature..., Classif takes about 3 months number of paravomerine and vomerine teeth the! The laying of eggs natural History Survey located in the fall in Indiana, though they can found! World 's most diverse family of salamanders until hatching on wooded hillsides under rocks eastern! The following spring dots and flecks scattered over the body, commonly concentrated along lower ;! Period of activity is similar to that seen in Long-Tailed salamanders ( Eurycea longicauda ) females typically their... 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( Plethodontidae ) half of state for about two to three years or dirt the! Are host to one of the “lungless” Salamander family ( Plethodontidae ) Long-Tailed salamanders Eurycea. Dorsum, and rocks a spermatophore after a series of courtship behaviors in damp logs... Different from other amphibians because they skip the larval stage 2-3 weeks because! For permissions information, contact the Illinois natural History Survey dirt in the wild cavity rock., Erp nests observed in rock crevices in a southern Illinois Cave during October and young do not have aquatic. Larger P. glutinosus species complex, which is the only known occurrences of animal-microbe symbiosis of... Adult male with a light circular hedonic gland under chin are capable of storing sperm for long periods of and! Over the body, commonly concentrated along lower sides ; nasolabial grooves present, rocky gorges a jelly when...

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