This is the remote portion of humanity, childlike in its manner, with the wisdom of the old, upon which burst the Nation of the West. When he finds the law, he is able to teach people how to master words. Wherever there is a dark corner, there is the suspicion of its secret malevolence; and people live in a perpetual distrust of its back where it has no eyes. This government by the Nation is neither British nor anything else; it is an applied science and therefore more or less similar in its principles wherever it is used. Europe owes all her greatness in humanity to that period of discipline, - the discipline of the man in his human integrity. It is tightening its financial ropes round her, trying to drag her up on the shore and cut her into pieces, and then go and offer public thanksgiving to God for supporting the one existing evil and shattering the possibility of a new one. While depriving us of our opportunities and reducing our education to a minimum required for conducting a foreign government, this Nation pacifies its conscience by calling us names, by sedulously giving currency to the arrogant cynicism that the East is east and the West is west and never the twain shall meet. He explains that the kind of political nationalism of the west is farcical and India must not get into its trap. It is owing to this that war has been declared between man and woman, because the natural thread is snapping which holds them together in harmony; because man is driven to professionalism, producing wealth for himself and others, continually turning the wheel of power for his own sake or for the sake of the universal officialdom, leaving woman alone to wither and to die or to fight her own battle unaided. The role of science here is important as it helps strengthen power but not humanity. The helplessness with which it weighs down its world of victims exerts its force of gravitation every moment upon the power that creates it. What is more, we have to recognize that the history of India does not belong to one particular race but is of a process of creation to which various races of the world contributed - the Dravidians and the Aryans, the ancient Greeks and the Persians, the Mohamedans of the West and those of central Asia. Under the influence of its fumes the whole people can carry out its systematic programme of the most virulent self-seeking without being in the least aware of its moral perversion, - in fact feeling dangerously resentful if it is pointed out. We were not confronted with a future which was a dead white wall of granite blocks eternally guarding against the expression and extension of our own powers, the hopelessness of which lies in the reason that these powers are becoming atrophied at their very roots by the scientific process of paralysis. The other metaphor explains how walking barefoot on a bed of rocks might feel difficult but we get used to it after sometimes. And now that it has come into existence, why do you not feel in your heart of hearts a pure feeling of gladness and say that it is good? Evil becomes powerful at the cost of the harmony of higher social life due to which individuals choose to partake in irrational activities and crime. Consequently, this power becomes the ruling force. Society increasingly is now a marionette show of politicians, soldiers, manufacturers and bureaucrats. Then will come to an end the one-sided dominance which is galling. Former governments had also tyranny and crimes in their rule but their advantage was that they were not rules of a Nation. But this desire for a common bond of comradeship among the different races of India has been the work of the spirit of the West, not that of the Nation of the West. The Nation has thriven long upon mutilated humanity. ( Log Out / Our life is one with us, also our heart, but our mind can be detached from the personal man and then only can it freely move in its world of thoughts. These monsters grow into huge shapes but never into harmony. And what is the meaning of these strikes in the economic world, which like the prickly shrubs in a barren soil shoot up with renewed vigour each time they are cut down? According to Tagore, if in India people acquired these kinds of fanaticisms, the consequences could be devastating. In fact, these nations are fighting among themselves for the extension of their victims and their reserve forests. It is a steam-roller, formidable in its weight and power, having its uses, but it does not help the soil to become fertile. I know what your advice will be. This abstract being, the Nation, is ruling India. Tagore was aware of the dangers of a nationalism that was rooted in the Western concept of a nation state. You have lost your culture, you have become deracinated, you have lost yourself actually. This time it was the Nation of the West driving its tentacles of machinery deep down into the soil. Tagore uses two metaphors to articulate this viewpoint. It gives him freedom in the material world. He was a prolific writer; his works include poems, novels, plays, short stories, essays and songs. This machine, the nation, eliminates the personal man to a phantom. Men, the fairest creations of God, came out of the National manufactory in huge numbers as war-making and money-making puppets, ludicrously vain of their pitiful perfection of mechanism. The truth is that the spirit of conflict and conquest is at the origin and in the centre of the Western nationalism; its basis is not social cooperation. Great China, rich with her ancient wisdom and social ethics, her discipline of industry and self-control, is like a whale awakening the lust of spoil in the heart of the Nation. The nation's bagpipe of righteous indignation has so often changed its tune according to the variation of time and to the altered groupings of the alliances of diplomacy, that it can be enjoyed with amusement as the variety performance of the political music hall. Have you not seen, since the commencement of the existence of the Nation, that the dread of it has been the one goblin-dread with which the whole world has been trembling? The hope of the unexpected was never absent, and a freer play of imagination, both on the part of the governor and the governed, had its effect in the making of history. Therefore, to turn him into mere power, you have to curtail his soul as much as possible. Can it escape its nemesis forever? It is like a hydraulic press, whose pressure is impersonal and on that account completely effective. For what are obstacles to the lower creatures are opportunities to the higher life of man. These only become possible where the man is represented by an octopus of abstractions, sending out its wriggling arms in all directions of space, and fixing its innumerable suckers even into the far-away future. But this time we had to deal, not with kings, not with human races, but with a nation, - we, who are no nation ourselves. Her pitiful attempt to shake off her traditions of humanity, her social ideals, and spend her last exhausted resources to drill herself into modern efficiency, is thwarted at every step by the Nation. . In the products of the hand loom the magic of man's living fingers finds its expression, and its hum harmonizes with the music of life. review : nationalism in the west, tagore Rabindranath Tagore begins by describing how the one problem India had to face since the beginning of history was the problem of race. And when in India we shall be able to assimilate in our life what is permanent in Western civilization we shall be in the position to bring about a reconciliation of these two great worlds. Knowledge and efficiency are powerful in their outward effect, but they are the servants of man, not the man himself. It is merely the side of power, not of human ideals. When after its enormous toil it comes to offer us its boon of peace we can but murmur under our breath that 'peace is good but not more so than life which is God's own great boon.' I have seen in Japan the voluntary submission of the whole people to the trimming of their minds and clipping of their freedom by their government, which through various educational agencies regulates their thoughts, manufactures their feelings, becomes suspiciously watchful when they show signs of inclining toward the spiritual, leading them through a narrow path not toward what is true but what is necessary for the complete welding of them into one uniform mass according to its own recipe. The world-flood has swept over our country, new elements have been introduced, and wider adjustments are waiting to be made. But the power loom is relentlessly lifeless and accurate and monotonous in its production. MAN'S HISTORY is being shaped according to the difficulties it encounters. This tight fitted shoe is equivalent to the Nation with its blind followers and inhumane acts. And for all this the Nation has been claiming the gratitude of history, and all eternity for its exploitation; ordering its band of praise to be struck up from end to end of the world, declaring itself to be the salt of the earth, the flower of humanity, the blessing of God hurled with all his force upon the naked skulls of the world of no nations. In some parts of India it has been enjoined as an act of great piety for a widow to go without food and water on a particular day every fortnight. This true realization pertains to the spiritual aspect as the history of India, of social life and attainment of spiritual ideas. I know that these people love justice and freedom, and hate lies. This description applies to the governing of India, which is as little touched by the human hand as possible. ( Log Out / It has made it possible for these peoples to come in closer touch with one another and cultivate a communion of aspiration. You, the people of the West, who have manufactured this abnormality, can you imagine the desolating despair of this haunted world of suffering man possessed by the ghastly abstraction of the organizing man? This often leads to cruelty, unmeaning and inhuman. In India we are suffering from this conflict between the spirit of the West and the Nation of the West. It is superficial enough to think that all to-morrows are merely to-days with the repeated additions of twenty-four hours. Over all this is a very good book and every one must read it to understand the true nature of Nationalism. Because these ideas are the creations of our intellect, because they are logical classifications, therefore they can so easily hide in their mist the personal man. We had known the hordes of Moghals and Pathans who invaded India, but we had known them as human races, with their own religions and customs, likes and dislikes, - we had never known them as a nation. You say, these machines will come into an agreement, for their mutual protection, based upon a conspiracy of fear. It is just possible that you have lost through habit consciousness that the living bonds of society are breaking up, and giving place to merely mechanical organization. But they show how universalist values can prevail. It is a spontaneous self-expression of man as a social being. She must know what it truly is. India is the result of the contribution of a number of races and we cannot stop the British from adding their portion as once we incorporate the principles of Western civilization, then we would be able to end this one-sided dominance. The veil has been raised, and in this frightful war the West has stood face to face with her own creation, to which she had offered her soul. REVIEW : NATIONALISM IN THE WEST, TAGORE. But you find it difficult to believe her, - for the wisdom of the Nation is not in its faith in humanity but in its complete distrust. This greedy head, with its huge dental organization, has been munching all the topmost foliage of the world, but the nourishment is too late in reaching his digestive organs, and his heart is suffering from want of blood. This is a condition not only prevailing in India, but among all nations. It is social. We feel this all the more, because the teaching and example of the West have entirely run counter to what we think was given to India to accomplish. But must you say that it is not the soul, but the machine, which is of the utmost value to ourselves, and that man's salvation depends upon his disciplining himself into a perfection of the dead rhythm of wheels and counterwheels? It is the fifth act of the tragedy of the unreal. But in the Age of Intellect, the age of science, there was a sense of detachment while the reality is a harmony which provides equilibrium. Such nationalism in the West was born out of the spirit of conflict and conquest, unlike that of India. In fact, our history has not been of the rise and fall of kingdoms, of fights for political supremacy. The weakening of humanity affects us all and the people of the Nation have yet to be disillusioned about their freedom and acknowledge their accountability to the people of the no nations. A Nation checks the growth of other civilizations as it born of need of power and supremacy, creating a conflict of interests. But is not this order merely a negative good? Towards this realization have worked from the early time of the Upanishads up to the present moment, a series of great spiritual teachers, whose one object has been to set at naught all differences of man by the overflow of our consciousness of God. And thus there where cooperation is natural has intruded competition. And out of the long birth-throes of mechanical energy has been born this fully developed apparatus of magnificent power and surprising appetite, which has been christened in the West as the Nation. Let me give an illustration of this in point. The West and the East are complimentary and necessary to each other as their different outlooks on life produce different aspects of truth. Tagore emphasizes that the question isn’t only about the British Empire and its rule on India. The answer is, that the West has been systematically petrifying her moral nature in order to lay a solid foundation for her gigantic abstractions of efficiency. Its perfection is the perfection of an egg-shell whose true value lies in the security it affords to the chick and its nourishment and not in the convenience it offers to the person at the breakfast table. The only reason for this is that power has become too abstract - it is a scientific product made in the political laboratory of the Nation, through the dissolution of the personal humanity. And what is their secret service but the nation's underground trade in kidnapping, murder and treachery and all the ugly crimes bred in the depth of rottenness? And India has been trying to accomplish her task through social regulation of differences, on the one hand, and the spiritual recognition of unity, on the other. But Tagore sees the people of the Nation as living under the illusion of freedom. These difficulties have been different in different peoples of the earth, and in the manner of our overcoming them lies our distinction. But we, who are governed, are not a mere abstraction. In this war, the death-throes of the Nation have commenced. But we feel that our task is not yet done. This is to maintain order. Subsequently, he was shocked by the rising nationalism found in Germany and other nations prior to the World War II. ramblingsofacollegekidblog Uncategorized October 25, 2017 October 25, 2017 6 Minutes. It is not unusual that even through this apparatus the moral nature of man tries to assert itself, but the whole series of ropes and pulleys creak and cry, the forces of the human heart become entangled among the forces of the human automaton, and only with difficulty can the moral purpose transmit itself into some tortured shape of result. The amount of its power may vary in different engines. Therefore if it be true that the spirit of the West has come upon our fields in the guise of a storm it is all the same scattering living seeds that are immortal. The book compiled here includes three lectures by Tagore - "Nationalism in the West", "Nationalism in Japan" and the third and final - "Nationalism in India". In quantity it is great, but it springs from the surface and spreads over the surface. In this reign of the nation, the governed are pursued by suspicions; and these are the suspicions of a tremendous mass of organized brain and muscle. It has evolved a perfect organization of power but not spiritual idealism. The hand-loom gives the benefit of having holes and relaxation in it while the power-loom is unfeeling and mechanical. We have seen in these countries how the people are encouraged and trained and given every facility to fit themselves for the great movements of commerce and industry spreading over the world, while in India the only assistance we get is merely to be jeered at by the Nation for lagging behind. Its iron grip we have felt at the root of our life, and for the sake of humanity we must stand up and give warning to all, that this nationalism is a cruel epidemic of evil that is sweeping over the human world of the present age, eating into its moral vitality. Tagore and the West. What they fail to see is that the man is an aspect of the moral world and cannot be divided into compartments of morality. The reason of this self-delusion is because man is served with the necessaries of life in greater profusion and his physical ills are being alleviated with more efficacy. Therefore, I say to you, it is we who are called as witnesses to give evidence as to what the Nation has been to humanity. But the difference between them and the government by the Nation is like the difference between the hand loom and the power loom. We must admit that during the personal government of the former days there have been instances of tyranny, injustice and extortion. In other words, it is an expression of 'the organised self- interest of a people where it is least human and least spiritual' (all these views have been taken from Rabindranath Tagore's Nationalism (1916) which is compilation of three of his lectures 'Nationalism in Japan,' 'Nationalism in West' and 'Nationalism … Our intellect is an ascetic who wears no clothes, takes no food, knows no sleep, has no wishes, feels no love or hatred or pity for human limitations, who only reasons, unmoved through the vicissitudes of life. It makes one almost openly unashamed of inhumanity. These are the result of a mechanical being whose octopus like tentacles dig deep into the soil of our land. Mahatma Gandhi wished to develop a more Indian-centric nationalism which would be far more welcoming and rooted to Indian -traditions, and cultures rather than being influenced by the west: Rabindranath Tagore (7 May 1861 – August 7, 1941) was an ardent supporter of nationalism until the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914-1918. London: Macmillan and Co., LTD. 1917. The same phenomenon prevails in this country also, where the people are hospitable but the nation has proved itself to be otherwise, making an Eastern guest feel humiliated to stand before you as a member of the humanity of his own motherland. This, aided by the wonderful progress in science, is assuming gigantic proportion and power, causing the upset of man's moral balance, obscuring his human side under the shadow of soul-less organization. Therefore he can easily outstrip those who live in a world of a slower time and of space less fully occupied. While the small feeding bottle of our education is nearly dry, and sanitation sucks its own thumb in despair, the military organization, the magisterial offices, the police, the Criminal Investigation Department, the secret spy system, attain to an abnormal girth in their waists, occupying every inch of our country. Cushing & Co. ... Contributor University of California Libraries Language English. 2. I have not come here, however, to discuss the question as it affects my own country, but as it affects the future of all humanity. But will this federation of steam-boilers supply you with a soul, a soul which has her conscience and her God? She has made grave errors in setting up the boundary walls too rigidly between races, in perpetuating the results of inferiority in her classifications; often she has crippled her children's minds and narrowed their lives in order to fit them into her social forms; but for centuries new experiments have been made and adjustments carried out. What is this Nation? It is the same thing with society. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. I felt they were right. And this moral nature of man cannot be divided into convenient compartments for its preservation. It has no fear of the chasm, which is opening wider every day, between man's ever-growing storehouses and the emptiness of his hungry humanity. Tagore, Rabindranath, Nationalism in the West, 1917, View all posts by ramblingsofacollegekidblog. But Tagore felt as he spelt out in all his three political novels (Gora [1909]; Ghare Baire [1916] and Char Adhyay [1934]), that that will be a poisoned victory because in the course of that victory against West, you have become like the West. But fortunately for man the easiest path is not his truest path. The West owes its period of discipline to the moral development undertaken in medieval Europe. Japan had been taught in a modern school the lesson how to become powerful. having anything to do with nationalism again, except to launch a systematic indictment to ‘‘destroy the bondage of nationalism’’. When the humanity of India was not under the government of the Organization, the elasticity of change was great enough to encourage men of power and spirit to feel that they had their destinies in their own hands. This chapter presents an excerpt from Rabindranath Tagore's 1917 essay “Nationalism in India,” in which he considers the specific challenges faced by India in developing a national self-consciousness as well as the need for that consciousness to be grounded in Indian cultural sensibilities. It is for self-preservation. And, for the reason that it is a detached part of man, it soon outruns the complete humanity. Punishments are meted out, leaving a trail of miseries across a large bleeding tract of the human heart; but these punishments are dealt by a mere abstract force, in which a whole population of a distant country has lost its human personality. When this engine of organization begins to attain a vast size, and those who are mechanics are made into parts of the machine, then the personal man is eliminated to a phantom, everything becomes a revolution of policy carried out by the human parts of the machine, requiring no twinge of pity or moral responsibility. The protection of law is not only a boon, but it is a valuable lesson to us. “West is dangerous for Japan is not the imitation of the outer features of the West, but the acceptance of the motive force of Western nationalism as her own”. These have offered us problems and claimed their solutions from us, the penalty of non-fulfilment being death or degradation. It is giving rise to infinite complexities whose solution depends not merely upon tactfulness but sympathy and true realization of the unity of man. Societal bonds give way to mechanical relations as the harmony between man and woman is disrupted. Clever lies become matters of self-congratulation. Japan protests that she has her bushido, that she can never be treacherous to America to whom she owes her gratitude. It is not about the British Government, but the government by the Nation - the Nation which is the organized self-interest of a whole people, where it is the least human and the least spiritual. Generally, nationalism is inextricably linked with patriotism. The time comes when it can stop no longer, for the competition grows keener, organization grows vaster, and selfishness attains supremacy. But I am anticipating. Because he is not seeking reality, but law. We are complementary to each other because of our different outlooks upon life which have given us different aspects of truth. Can you put yourself into the position of the peoples, who seem to have been doomed to an eternal damnation of their own humanity, who not only must suffer continual curtailment of their manhood, but even raise their voices in paeans of praise for the benignity of a mechanical apparatus in its interminable parody of providence? The time has come when, for the sake of the whole outraged world, Europe should fully know in her own person the terrible absurdity of the thing called the Nation. These have offered us problems and claimed their solutions from us, the penalty of non-fulfilment being death or degradation. Whenever Power removes all checks from its path to make its career easy, it triumphantly rides into its ultimate crash of death. There are other peoples in the world who have obstacles in their physical surroundings to overcome, or the menace of their powerful neighbours. Rabindranath Tagore begins by describing how the one problem India had to face since the beginning of history was the problem of race. continually producing barrenness of moral insensibility upon a large tract of our living nature? Those who have any faith in Man cannot but fervently hope that the tyranny of the Nation will not be restored to all its former teeth and claws, to its far-reaching iron arms and its immense inner cavity, all stomach and no heart; that man will have his new birth, in the freedom of his individuality, from the enveloping vagueness of abstraction. Rabindranath Tagore was perhaps the world’s most eloquent critic of nationalism in his time. Ethnologically different races had and were in close contact to each other. Has this giant power of mechanical organization no limit in this world against which it may shatter itself all the more completely because of its terrible strength and velocity? The Nation, with all its paraphernalia of power and prosperity, its flags and pious hymns, its blasphemous prayers in the churches, and the literary mock thunders of its patriotic bragging, cannot hide the fact that the Nation is the greatest evil for the Nation, that all its precautions are against it, and any new birth of its fellow in the world is always followed in its mind by the dread of a new peril. You ask in amazement what has she done to deserve this? 38 by Rabindranath Tagore; Nationalism by Rabindranath Tagore. And the idea of the Nation is one of the most powerful anesthetics that man has invented. I ask you what disaster has there ever been in the history of man, in its darkest period, like this terrible disaster of the Nation fixing its fangs deep into the naked flesh of the world, taking permanent precautions against its natural relaxation? Therefore we must not forget that the scientific organizations vastly spreading in all directions are strengthening our power, but not our humanity. This progress of power attains more and more rapidity of pace. Tagore observes how the development of Japan as a nation produced a sense of bitterness amongst the British since they were unwilling to share the sources of their power to others. Why should this be a necessity? You cannot secure it for your home consumption with protective tariff walls, while in foreign parts making it enormously accommodating in its free trade of license. Limit, and in the constructive work of social cooperation have its.! Ease becomes its path of doom boon, but among all nations moral. 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